Maven 教程
Maven 項目模板
Maven 使用 archetype(原型) 來創(chuàng)建自定義的項目結(jié)構(gòu)，形成 Maven 項目模板。
在前面章節(jié)我們學(xué)到 Maven 使用下面的命令來快速創(chuàng)建 java 項目：
mvn archetype:generate
什么是 archetype？
archetype 也就是原型，是一個 Maven 插件，準確說是一個項目模板，它的任務(wù)是根據(jù)模板創(chuàng)建一個項目結(jié)構(gòu)。我們將使用 quickstart 原型插件創(chuàng)建一個簡單的 java 應(yīng)用程序。
使用項目模板
讓我們打開命令控制臺，跳轉(zhuǎn)到 C:\> MVN 目錄并執(zhí)行以下 mvn 命令:
C:\MVN> mvn archetype:generate
Maven 將開始處理，并要求選擇所需的原型:
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO]task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate ... 600: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-archetype (-) 601: remote -> org.trailsframework:trails-secure-archetype (-) 602: remote -> org.tynamo:tynamo-archetype (-) 603: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicket-scala-archetype (-) 604: remote -> org.wicketstuff.scala:wicketstuff-scala-archetype Basic setup for a project that combines Scala and Wicket, depending on the Wicket-Scala project. Includes an example Specs test.) 605: remote -> org.wikbook:wikbook.archetype (-) 606: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-glassfish (-) 607: remote -> org.xaloon.archetype:xaloon-archetype-wicket-jpa-spring (-) 608: remote -> org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-component-archetype (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Components.) 609: remote -> org.xwiki.rendering:xwiki-rendering-archetype-macro (Make it easy to create a maven project for creating XWiki Rendering Macros.) 610: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-component (The ZK Component archetype) 611: remote -> org.zkoss:zk-archetype-webapp (The ZK wepapp archetype) 612: remote -> ru.circumflex:circumflex-archetype (-) 613: remote -> se.vgregion.javg.maven.archetypes:javg-minimal-archetype (-) 614: remote -> sk.seges.sesam:sesam-annotation-archetype (-) Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 203:
按下 Enter 選擇默認選項 (203:maven-archetype-quickstart)。
Maven 將詢問原型的版本
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version: 1: 1.0-alpha-1 2: 1.0-alpha-2 3: 1.0-alpha-3 4: 1.0-alpha-4 5: 1.0 6: 1.1 Choose a number: 6:
按下 Enter 選擇默認選項 (6:maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1)
Maven 將詢問項目細節(jié)。按要求輸入項目細節(jié)。如果要使用默認值則直接按 Enter 鍵。你也可以輸入自己的值。
Define value for property 'groupId': : com.companyname.insurance Define value for property 'artifactId': : health Define value for property 'version': 1.0-SNAPSHOT Define value for property 'package': com.companyname.insurance
Maven 將要求確認項目細節(jié)，按 Enter 或按 Y
Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.companyname.insurance artifactId: health version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.companyname.insurance Y:
現(xiàn)在 Maven 將開始創(chuàng)建項目結(jié)構(gòu)，顯示如下:
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1 [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.insurance [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: health [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\health [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 12 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Fri Jul 13 11:10:12 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/90M [INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------------------
創(chuàng)建的項目
現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)到 C:\ > MVN 目錄。你會看到一個名為 health 的 java 應(yīng)用程序項目，就像在項目創(chuàng)建的時候建立的 artifactId 名稱一樣。 Maven 將創(chuàng)建一個有標準目錄布局的項目，如下所示:
創(chuàng)建 pom.xml
Maven 為項目自動生成一個 pom.xml文件，如下所示:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.insurance</groupId> <artifactId>health</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>health</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
App.java
Maven 會自動生成一個測試的 java 文件 App.java。
路徑：C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank
package com.companyname.insurance;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
}
}AppTest.java
Maven 會自動生成一個 java 文件 AppTest.java。
路徑為： C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\java\com\companyname\bank
package com.companyname.insurance;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
/**
* Unit test for simple App.
*/
public class AppTest
extends TestCase
{
/**
* Create the test case
*
* @param testName name of the test case
*/
public AppTest( String testName )
{
super( testName );
}
/**
* @return the suite of tests being tested
*/
public static Test suite()
{
return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
}
/**
* Rigourous Test :-)
*/
public void testApp()
{
assertTrue( true );
}
}就這樣。現(xiàn)在你可以看到 Maven 的強大之處。你可以用 maven 簡單的命令創(chuàng)建任何類型的項目，并且可以啟動您的開發(fā)。